Detail from a French miniature depicting scenes of medical consultation, including a physician examining a urine flask (top right), ca. 1300–1325.
Featured on PDR in the essay Troubled Waters: Reading Urine in Medieval Medicine
From cabbage green to coarse meal, medieval manuscripts exhibit a spectrum of colours and consistencies when describing urine. Katherine Harvey examines the complex practices of uroscopy: how physicians could divine sexual history, disease, and impending death by studying the body's liquid excretions.