Man before a rainbow, in Christoph Weigel's Ethica Naturalis seu Documenta Moralia e Variis rerum Naturalium proprietatibus Virtutum Vitiorumq symbolicis imaginibus collecta (ca. 1700).
Featured on PDR in the collection Rainbows in Art
Or, since that hope denied in worlds of strife,
Be thou the rainbow in the storms of life!
The evening beam that smiles the clouds away,
and tints tomorrow with prophetic ray!
(Lord Byron, The Bride of Abydos)